Isolation of native EVs from primary biofluids

The isolation and purification of EVs from body fluids is challenging due to the complex composition of the fluids themselves. Complex fluids include; blood, urine , ascites and so on. The particles found in the fluid can have an overlap in terms of size and composition with EVs, resulting in high sample impurity. The most used method of EV extraction, to obtain high purity EVs from complex biofluids, include differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation. The method has several disadvantages, such as being time-consuming, complicated, as well as resulting in low particle yield and quality due to excessive centrifugal force method, which can affect the integrity and composition of EVs. These disadvantages restrict its translation to clinical and industrial applications.

Figure 1.  Single particle characterization of EVs via electron microscopy and NanoFCM 

Researchers have optimized the FFE purification method via combining the downstream analysis methods; western blot, TEM and nano-flow cytometry. This has resulted in the acquisition of isolated and purified EVs from highly complex body fluid in a fast and high-throughput manner.  

Journal of Extracellular Biology, 2022, 1, e71.